This essay traces the genealogy and evolution of the category of the subject as it developed in the thought of Louis Althusser, Michel Foucault, and Alain Badiou. As will be seen, within the fruitful and complementary dialogue about the subject and subjectivity formation among these three French thinkers, there are major discrepancies in their approaches, from Althusser’s seemingly passive view of the subject as a victim of state oppression, to Foucault’s one, embedded in power but with the capacity of resistance, (...) and, finally, to Badiou’s understanding, in his book Théorie du sujet (Theory of the Subject, 1982), of the subject as the one who courageously takes risks to put into practice the truth brought about by the event in order to radically transform the present situation. (shrink)

This article explores the importance of mental expression in understanding the phenomenon of inner speech. Most accounts of inner speech assume from the outset the common idea that the expressions of a subject (e.g., a smile) and their mental states (e.g., joy) are two different types of items somehow related to each other. This relational view of expression is challenged in this article. Firstly, it is argued that relational views of expression cannot explain some features of inner speech. Secondly, a (...) non-relational view of expression is developed, according to which mental states are patterns of expressive behavior. Thirdly, it is argued that only from the framework of non-relational expressivism is it possible to explain the main features of inner speech. Finally, it is concluded that non-relational expressivism emerges as a prominent contender among contemporary views of the mind, as it provides the only account of inner speech that can fully explain the phenomenon. (shrink)

Neste estudo procedemos a uma revisão narrativa da literatura, de modo a mostrar as diferentes etapas da psiquiatria tal como desenvolvida por Ludwig Binswanger, ao mesmo tempo realizamos uma análise crítica dessas etapas. Discorremos sobre os motivos do afastamento desse estudioso das bases biológicas que sustentavam a psiquiatria da época, em direção a uma perspectiva psicanalítica. Nessa etapa, Binswanger defende as bases psíquicas das enfermidades mentais, das quais em breve tempo também se afasta por avaliar que na psicanálise, também, havia (...) uma redução ao psíquico. Esse estudioso passa, imediatamente, para os estudos das bases fenomenológicas com seu mestre Edmund Husserl, acreditando que nessa perspectiva ficaria livre de qualquer redução. Em um breve intervalo de tempo, esse estudioso da psiquiatria passou a estudar a analítica do Dasein com Martin Heidegger, assumindo a Daseinsanalyse nas bases de seus estudos. No entanto, com a crítica de Heidegger à daseinsanálise de Binswanger, este acabou por denominar o seu projeto de psiquiatria como fenomenologia antropológica, interessando-se pelas vivências do espaço e do tempo daqueles que apresentavam enfermidades psíquicas. (shrink)

Arquivo integral da edição dos 25 anos de IFEN.

There is a widely extended viewpoint about physical possibility, what we will call Standard Approach, which holds that the physically possible is delimited by the nomological structure of physical theories: to be physically possible is to be in accordance with the physical laws, to be physically impossible is to be prohibited by physical laws and to be physically necessary is to be demanded by the physical laws. However, it is possible to show that this approach is too relaxed and permissive (...) when it comes to collecting and systematizing many of the modal intuitions present in the physical community. In this work we will argue, on the one hand, that the notion of physical possibility is more complex and richer than suggested by the standard approach and, on the other hand, that it is necessary to add some extra elements to the characterization of physical possibility in order to that it is adequate in scientific contexts. (shrink)

El paradigma tradicional en el sistema de patentes se basaba en que solo eran patentables las invenciones, lo que indirectamente excluía la materia viva. Sin embargo, la irrupción de la biotecnología en la propiedad industrial ha supuesto un sustancial vuelco en estas premisas, debido, entre otros factores, a que los seres vivos presentan una naturaleza dual, ya que son al mismo tiempo materia viva e información. Además, la aceleración de las investigaciones en lo referente a la biología sintética y a (...) la inteligencia artificial añade una complejidad creciente a nuestra temática. Pues bien, para analizar los problemas que genera la propiedad privada en lo referente a la vida, hemos creado un modelo con tres pares de variables, invención/ descubrimiento, materia/información, y materia inerte/viva. El objetivo último es clarificar las narrativas que subyacen tras los numerosos documentos que tratan de encauzar, regular y/o refutar las biopatentes. (shrink)

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is increasingly viewed as a strategic management tool for companies to draw in candidates. In this arena, international responsible rankings such as ‘The Great Place to Work’, ‘Family Responsible Employer Index (FREE)’ or ‘The Best Companies for Working Mothers’ put emphasis on the value of responsible behaviours, not only for surviving in the market, but also to ‘win the war for talent’. Using a sample of Spanish University students, this research aims to analyse the process of (...) selecting responsible organizations to work and whether there is a possible future conflict of interest by students between their own and organizational values. Surprisingly, the university students assessed two opposing situations with the highest values: of looking to change employer and of letting time pass in order to ignore the conflict. The implications of the students’ assessments and the related factors which affect their decision-making criteria are explored in this article. (shrink)

Na tentativa de propor uma conciliação das práticas comunitária e clínica em Psicologia, pretendemos desenvolver os seguintes elementos em ambas as propostas: uma prática de escuta às situações emergentes, uma postura ética e política de escuta aos sujeitos e a promoção da saúde engajada na realidade social brasileira. Ambas as perspectivas podem ser complementares desde que partamos da unidade e não da dicotomia entre elas. Defendemos que as propostas de Psicologia Comunitária, inaugurada por Martin-Baró, e de Psicologia Clínica em uma (...) perspectiva fenomenológico-existencial, inaugurada por Binswanger, prescindem da necessidade de se excluírem mutuamente visto que ambas partem da concepção de comunidade como elemento unificador do binômio ser e mundo. Apostamos na construção de práticas ético-políticas pela necessidade de se promover uma união entre clínica e comunidade, entre natureza humana e social, tal como defendidas por Krenak e Kopenawa. E ainda, dando voz à cultura brasileira e em uma defesa do movimento Modernista, dialogamos com Oswald de Andrade, Clarice Lispector, Manoel de Barros, Manoel Bandeira, Rubem Alves e Guimarães Rosa. Em conclusão, a proposta é de que a clínica psicológica na perspectiva do nós se estabelece como processo sociopolítico de injunção dos assujeitados, resistência à massificação e a derrocada do poder do impessoal no gerenciamento da vida. (shrink)

Se presenta en este texto una propuesta didáctica realizada en la asignatura Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales en Educación Primaria, de 3º de Grado en Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Córdoba (España). Uno de los objetivos de dicha intervención, como de la propia disciplina de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, incide en el trabajo de las nociones temporales en la formación del futuro profesorado de Educación Primaria que, en este caso, se han abordado desde la comparación entre el pasado (...) y el presente a través de la prensa. Para el análisis de dichos materiales, tanto históricos como actuales, se ha potenciado una perspectiva de género, promoviendo que el alumnado se pregunte por las relaciones de género en una temática concreta, como es el mundo laboral. (shrink)

El siguiente trabajo estabelece un análisis sobre la Filosofía de la Música. Su propósito principal es exponer la materialización de elementos musicales como melodía, armonía y ritmo expuestos por Arthur Schopenhauer en el parágrafo 52 de El Mundo como Voluntad y Representación, a través de la implementación de tales conceptos filosóficos en el cuarteto de flauta y cuerdas K285, compuesto por W.A Mozart. Ambos humanistas aportan ideas fundamentales que influyen en el modo de pensar, comprender, interpretar y ejecutar tanto la (...) filosofía como la música: representando esto una contribución a la reflexión artístico-ontológica desde el siglo XX hasta la actualidad. (shrink)

ABSTRACTThe ‘Scientific Culture at Enterprises’ project aims to identify the different factors that characterize the image of science held by entrepreneurs and business managers, explore the relationships among these factors, and shed light on the role they play in defining this image and ultimately in developing a culture of science in the business sector. This article is based on the results of the SCe 2016 survey with a specially designed telephone survey questionnaire of a representative sample of Spanish companies. The (...) novelty of our approach lies in the application of a model developed in the fields of Social Studies of Science and Public Understanding of Science to the business sector, in order to obtain information on the dispositions of perception, interest, knowledge and action and their relationships with science and innovation in the business sector in Spain. Using the PIKA model of the image of science, we found this image in the business sector to be shaped by entrepreneurs... (shrink)

Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.

El conocimiento histórico –entendido como un proceso metacognitivo de asimilación constructiva sobre el pasado para explicar fenómenos– comporta un análisis del impacto y la transcendencia de determinados acontecimientos y procesos históricos, en cuya comprensión y valoración influye el concepto de relevancia histórica. Desde esta perspectiva es necesario implementar propuestas de evaluación sólidas, vinculadas al desarrollo competencial. El objetivo de este estudio es diseñar una guía de caracterización de los instrumentos evaluativos –actividades y ejercicios– más utilizados por el profesorado de Historia, (...) con el fin de optimizar los procesos de evaluación de esta competencia mediante una serie de descriptores estructurales, competenciales y transferenciales. Estos indicadores de pertinencia pueden marcar el camino de aquellos docentes que deseen perfeccionar su manera de evaluar lo históricamente determinante. En conclusión, este innovador planteamiento supone un proceso de formación continua del profesorado que contribuye a la mejora de la calidad educativa. (shrink)

After the end of their time as a caregiver, former caregivers have needs and feelings that have been subject to little study to date. The aim of the study is to determine and analyse the feelings, perceptions and practices of former caregivers in the reconstruction of their daily lives. This is a qualitative study based on the Grounded Theory developed by Charmaz. The study involved 14 former caregivers who had cared for their relative for more than 2 years and who (...) had stopped caring for them more than 2 years previously. Fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted and data were collected over 13 months between 2015 and 2017. Data were analysed using the Grounded Theory Method. In addition, this study was approved by the ethics committee of the Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol. The former caregiver experiences a transition, which begins in the days before the death of their relative and may continue for more than 3 years. Three critical moments in the post-caring transition were found: the post-caring emptiness; the end of the period as a caregiver; and the movement towards a new life. Family and professional support is needed during this transition. Former caregivers experience a transition in the rebuilding of their daily lives; furthermore, former caregivers may be a source of support for other caregivers, which is linked to positive mental health factors. Healthcare organisations need to acknowledge the emotional, psychosocial and psychological health of former caregivers. (shrink)

The Air Quality Index (AQI) shows the state of air pollution in a unique and more understandable way. This work aims to forecast the AQI in Algeciras (Spain) 8 hours in advance. The AQI is calculated indirectly through the predicted concentrations of five pollutants (O3, NO2, CO, SO2 and PM10) to achieve this goal. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), sequence-to-sequence long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) and a newly proposed method combing a rolling window with the latter (LSTMNA) are employed as the (...) forecasting techniques. Besides, two input approaches are evaluated: using only the data from the own time series of the pollutant in the first case or adding exogenous variables in the second one. Several window sizes are employed (24, 28 and 72 hours) with ANNs and LSTMNAs. Additionally, several feature ranking methods are applied in the exogenous approach to select the most relevant lagged variables to feed the models. Results show how the proposed exogenous approach increases the performance of the prediction models. Besides, the newly proposed method LSTMNA provides the best performances in most of the cases evaluated. Hence, it constitutes an exciting alternative to standard LSTMs and ANNs to predict pollutants concentrations and, consequently, the AQI. (shrink)

The objective of the research is focused on the study of the evolution of sexism as a cultural parameter in the Roma population whose people maintain recognition as an ethnic minority in Europe. The design selected for this study is descriptive. This study involves testing the reliability of the reduced version of the ambivalent sexism inventory (ASI; Glick and Fiske, 1996) scale among a representative group of the Roma population belonging to the city of Toledo. A representative sample of 44 (...) people aged between 16 and 40 years was selected, with an average of 27.3. The results confirm the reliability of the scale and provide little differentiation and sex-disaggregated results. The responses on the items show a high degree of sexism among the participants. The obtained results give a better understanding of the scope of gender roles and, therefore, can help us to reorient interventions in the prevention of gender inequalities or early school dropouts among Roma girls. (shrink)

The family of discounted Shapley values is analyzed for cooperative games in coalitional form. We consider the bargaining protocol of the alternating random proposer introduced in Hart and Mas-Colell. We demonstrate that the discounted Shapley values arise as the expected payoffs associated with the bargaining equilibria when a time discount factor is considered. In a second model, we replace the time cost with the probability that the game ends without agreements. This model also implements these values in transferable utility games, (...) moreover, the model implements the α\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha $$\end{document}-consistent values in the nontransferable utility setting. (shrink)

Esta investigación forma parte de un Proyecto de Innovación Docente de la Universidad de Málaga (PIE19-179) que se inició en 2019 y que continuó en 2022 con el grupo de investigación PROCING de la Universidad de Huila-CORHUILA. El objetivo era tratar de desarrollar en el alumnado universitario el pensamiento crítico a través de la lectura crítica y la metodología Scrum como estrategias. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo con un cuestionario dividido en cuatro dimensiones y compuesto por 68 (...) ítems. Si bien los resultados del post-test en ambas universidades no son significativos, hubo un aumento en las respuestas a «siempre» en un 4% para los participantes de la Universidad de Málaga (España) y de un 6% en los estudiantes de la Universidad de Huila-CORHUILA (Colombia). (shrink)

Background: Many studies have explored personal values in nursing, but none has assessed whether the predictions made by the theory of intergenerational value change are true for the different generations of nursing professionals and students. This theory predicts a shift in those personal values held by younger generations towards ones focussed on self-expression. Research question: The purpose of the study was to identify intergenerational differences in personal values among nursing professionals and nursing students and to determine whether generational value profiles (...) fit the predictions made by the theory. Research design: An exploratory comparative design with a cross-sectional survey method was used. Participants and research context: Participants were recruited from four public hospitals and 10 Primary Care Centres in medium-size cities in Spain. A sample of 589 nurses and 2295 nursing students participated in the study. An open survey method was used to collect data that were classified grouping reported values into categories following a method of value lexicon construction and analysed by contingency tables with Pearson’s χ2 and standardized residuals. Ethical considerations: Approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Deans of the nursing schools and the Directors of Nursing of the institutions. Anonymity was guaranteed, participation was voluntary and participants were informed of the purpose of the study. Findings: The results can be synthesized in two age-related trends in the reporting of values among three groups of participants. First, among younger nurses and students, some nursing core values (e.g. ethical and professional) decreased in importance, while other values centred on social relationships and personal well-being increased. Discussion and Conclusion: This study shows intergenerational change in personal values among both nursing students and young nursing professionals. Findings suggest the need to pay more attention to value training and professional socialization during the schooling period. (shrink)

The challenges of adapting to this new world require universities to establish new actions that strengthen the preparation of their students. The objective of the research is to identify the degree of burnout that students of the Bachelor of Public Accounting (BPA) and Bachelor of Economics and Finance (BEF) programs of the Technological Institute of Sonora are experiencing. The research methodology is quantitative, non-experimental, with a cross-sectional design and descriptive scope. To collect the information, the Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBISS) was (...) used, developed by Schaufeli, Martínez, Salanova, GonzálezRomá and Bakker in 2002 in its Colombian adaptation and validation developed by Hederich and Caballero in 2016. The contribution is to determine the situation of the students of these academic programs in three major aspects: Exhaustion, Cynicism and Academic Efficiency, in such a way that interventions are established that support the academic transition of the student. (shrink)

Con miras al futuro, y en una interacción continua entre el individuo, el colectivo y el espacio, se plantea abordar los problemas urbanos a partir de las necesidades ligadas a los modos de vida que dan forma a la ciudad. Con esta base y con la experiencia del confinamiento, retomamos los resultados de un proyecto anterior en lo que respecta la dimensión del encuentro, a las prácticas del espacio y al uso de las TIC, que pueden dar aportes interesantes para (...) la concepción de los espacios futuros. (shrink)

We show that in the Gromov space of isometry classes of pointed proper metric spaces, the equivalence relations defined by existence of coarse quasi-isometries or being at finite Gromov–Hausdorff distance cannot be reduced to the equivalence relation defined by any Polish action.

After having accomplished an observation of the different problematic that affect the daily life of our city, as reflect of what happens in the rest of the national territory, we have been attracted to implement a juridical analysis to the situation of the donation and organ transplantation in the legal ambit of our country, with the objective to identify the level of efficacy and the normative scope with respect to the situation of people who need a transplant. This restlessness born (...) from the analysis of the law 1716 and its regulation, which ambiguously delimits the functions of the centers of health in what respect to this topic, also to establish the creation of a waiting list and a record, tool which objective would be norm the permanent supply of organs through donation programs. These do not accomplish their objective or being attached to a public policy in the ambit that allow the continuity of the institutions and benefit of the people in need. (shrink)

The Encyclical Fides et ratio contains a very valuable explanation of what is called "Christian philosophy", both in its positive and negative aspects, and with specific references to the present time.

La vida en el futuro a corto plazo será revolucionada por el efecto creciente de tecnología multidisciplinaria en todas las dimensiones: social, económico, político, y personal. La revolución de disponibilidad de la información y utilidad seguirá afectando en profundidad el mundo en todas estas dimensiones. Los resultados serán asombrosos. Los efectos pueden incluir mejoras significativas de la calidad de vida, las altas tarifas de volumen de ventas industrial, la globalización continuada, la amalgamación cultural o la epidemia de aislamiento de los (...) individuos, así como el aislamiento personal en una tentativa de hacerse más abiertos mundialmente. La realización real de estas posibilidades dependerá de un número de factores, incluyendo la aceptación local de cambio tecnológico, niveles de inversiones de infraestructura y tecnología. El paso rápido de desarrollo tecnológico y brechas hace la previsión difícil, pero la revolución de la tecnología a escala mundial parece significativa y muy probable.Life in the short-term future will be revolutionized by the growing effect of multidisciplinary technology across all dimensions of life: social, economic, political, and personal. The revolution of information availability and utility will continue to profoundly affect the world in all these dimensions. The results will be astonishing. Effects may include significant improvements in human quality of life, high rates of industrial turnover, continued globalization, cultural amalgamation or invasion of individuals’ privacy, as well as personal isolation in an attempt to become more open worldwidely. The actual realization of these possibilities will depend on a number of factors, including local acceptance of technological change, levels of technology and infrastructure investments. The fast pace of technological development and breakthroughs makes foresight difficult, but the technology revolution seems globally significant and quite likely. (shrink)

This article studies the "Theory of the Pur Object" in the Spanish philosopher Antonio Millán-Puelles, relating it to the Scholastics and to of Husserl and Hartmann.

We shall study the modes of self-consciousness such as they have been described by A. Millán-Puelles in his work. This article deals exclusively with human self-consciousness, leaving aside other non-human beings gifted with consciousness, and of course, the Divine Being, which should properly be called Absolute Self-Conscience. Furthermore, the kind of selfconsciousness to be dealt with here is but one of the three ways in which the human ego relates with itself.

After compulsory secondary education; many teenagers face the process of choosing a university degree. This process involves uncertainties referred to their personal abilities, interests, social expectations and professional future. The present work is aimed at determining whether the reasons behind the selection of a particular university degree differ depending on the chosen degree. Another objective is determining whether these reasons differ significantly according to gender. The sample comprises 983 students belonging to the area of social and legal sciences at the (...) University of Seville. The obtained results reveal the existence of four main reasons behind the selection of university degrees for which significant gender-related differences were observed: easy degree, job opportunities, high wages and provision of social services. Besides, these seven reasons are observed to differ widely in six of the considered degrees. (shrink)